JRI (Jurnal Radiografer Indonesia)

Pengolahan Perak Metalik pada Limbah Film Radiografi dengan Menggunakan Natrium Hidroksida

2024-12-16T15:10:04+00:00

Background: The background of this research was utilization of radiological film waste in the hospital is very less, whereas in the waste film there is silver worth selling in the market, has been done research ont he processing of waste radiology film into metallic silver by using strong base chemicals (NaOH). The purpose of this research is to know how to convert radiology film waste into metallic silver using strong base chemicals (NaOH) which are worth selling in the market.

Methods : This type of research is quantitative with an experimental approach. Data collection and experimental processes were carried out during March 2017 at Radiology Laboratory of Baiturrahmah Padang University.This research was conducted by experimenting by collecting tools and materials from various sources and processing waste radiology film into metallic silver.

Results: The filtration of the radiology film waste into metallic silver using NaOH resulted in the following results, in 100 sheets of radiological waste film measuring 24 x 30 obtained pure silver as much as 5,44 grams, 100 sheets of radiological film waste measuring 35 x 35 pure silver as much as 6,09 grams and 100 sheets of radiological film waste measuring 30 x 40 obtained pure silver as much as 7,83 grams.

Conclusions: From this research, is done by several stages, collecting phase, deposition stage, and purification stage. The first way to process radiological film waste is that the researcher prepares tools and materials from various sources and after that the researcher decomposes it with Sodium Hydroxide, after decomposing it produces silver mud, after that the silver mud is dried by roasting and after the mud is dry then the silver mud is burned with a burner so that the silver melts and becomes silver that is ready to be marketed.

Analisis Nilai CT Number (CTN) dan Kualitas Citra dari Pengaruh Variasi Tegangan dan Arus Tabung Menggunakan Pesawat CT Simulator

2024-12-16T15:08:46+00:00

Background: The CT simulator is an integral part of radiotherapy treatment that can determine the target location and dose planning in images. Exposure factors such as tube voltage and current are important components that affect the resulting images. This study compares the effects of varying exposure factors on CT numbers (CTN) and image quality (spatial resolution, uniformity, SNR, and CNR).

Methods: This study used a Catphan®604 phantom with helical image acquisition on a CT simulator to obtain images. The voltage variations were 80, 100, 120, and 135 kV. Additionally, current variations of 50, 100, 150, and 200 mA were applied at both their maximum and minimum values.

Results: The study results indicate that variations in voltage tend to decrease CTN values and improve image quality. Conversely, variations in current do not result in significant changes in CTN values but tend to enhance the quality of the image. The optimal values for CTN and image quality were found at 100 kV and 200 mA.

Conclusions: The exposure factor of voltage significantly affects changes in CTN and image quality. Conversely, tube current does not have a significant impact on CTN. As the voltage and current increase, the image quality improves, but the resulting noise also becomes greater.

Penentuan Margin Planning Target Volume (PTV) Radioterapi dengan Teknik IMRT Kasus Kanker Nasofaring

2025-04-03T01:38:42+00:00

Background: This research was conducted to determine PTV margins from the results of geometry

verification using 3 calculation formulas for nasopharyngeal cancer cases with Intensity Modulated

Radiation Therapy (IMRT) techniques and recommend the most suitable calculation method for

determining PTV margins. Verification is important to determine whether there is a shift in radiotherapy

planning. Geometry errors or shifts were analyzed to obtain PTV margin values and reduce setup errors

including systematic and random errors.

Methods: This type of research is quantitative research with interactive methods, interviews,

documentation, and data collection of patient verification results. Geometry verification was carried out 3

times in the first fraction, 10th fraction, and 20th fraction using Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID)

for nasopharyngeal cancer (KNF) cases at Radiotherapy Installation Pelamonia Hospital Makassar.

Results: The results showed that the random error was greater than the systematic error, indicating that it

is more difficult to correct the random error due to its changing value. This occurs due to the movement

of the organ around the target.

Conclusions: The PTV margin values in each formula were found to be 10.31 cm x-axis; 8.47 cm y-axis;

and 60.34 cm z-axis using the Van Herk formula. The PTV margin using Stroom formula was 8.79 cm x

axis; 7.15 cm y-axis; and 51.47 cm z-axis. The PTV margin using the ICRU 62 formula was 4.90cm x

axis; 3.75cm y-axis; and 28.92cm z-axis. Van Herk's formula PTV margin is recommended based on the

lowest percentage shift that lies outside the PTV margin.

Perbandingan Hasil Gambaran Os Processus Coracoid yang Optimal Pada Proyeksi AP Axial dengan Arah Sinar 200, 300, 400 Cranially

2024-12-15T15:44:56+00:00

Background: One part of the scapula that is usually done separately is the coracoid process. The

coracoid process will look better with AP positioning of the scapula with the hand abducted and the

cranial beam direction can show the coracoid process well. The angle used is between 15 to 45 degrees

with the direction of the cephalad beam. This photoshoot is usually done in cases of trauma. To obtain

accurate information in establishing a diagnosis, the researcher decided to conduct a study on the

comparison of radiographic results to obtain the optimal coracoid process with 200 , 300 , and 400 cranial

AP projections.

Methods: This type of quantitative research with an experimental study was carried out at the Radiology

Installation of Siti Rahmah Hospital, Padang in June 2022 using a sample of 3 patients, then read out

by 3 respondents and the data processing was calculated usingweight means score method examination

method using SPSS with Anova test.

Result: from the results obtained the average value of Os. coracoid process with AP Axial projection of

200 cranally is 1.55 next to Os. coracoid process with AP Axial 300 cranial projection the average value

obtained was 1.66 and at Os. coracoid process with AP Axial 400 cranial projection the average value

obtained was 1.74. Then from these three data, a significant value was obtained from SPSS calculations,

namely 0.734 (> 0.05).

Conclusions: The results of the study, namely the average results AP axial projection 200 cranially

1.55. The average AP projection axial 300 cranially is 1.66. The average result of the 400 cranially axial

AP projection is 1.74. So the angle needed to produce an optimal picture of the coracoid process on the

examination of the scapula is to use the AP Axial 400 Cranially projection because it is able to display

the coracoid process Os more clearly.

Optimisasi Pemeriksaan Magnetic Resonance Venography Brain dengan Menggunakan Phase Contrast

2024-12-15T15:44:25+00:00

Background: Magnetic Resonance Venography (MRV) is an imaging that has a sensitivity of 91.9% to

display veins using the Phase Contrast (PC) technique in producing tissue contrast. The most important

parameter is the Velocity Encoding (VENC) which is adjusted to the flow velocity of the veins. An

abnormality that often occurs is CVT due to thrombosis so that intracranial pressure increases. The

VENC setting is adjusted to the velocity of the veins. High VENC results in impaired vascular imaging,

whereas low VENC results in aliasing and decreased signaling. This study aims to determine the

difference in anatomical information of the cerebralis vein and determine the optimal VENC value on

MRV Brain Phase Contrast examination of CVT patients.

Methods: This type of research is quantitative with an experimental approach. Data collection was

carried out at the Radiology Installation of Gatot Soebroto Hospital on March 13-26, 2024. The study

sample of 10 CVT patients who were examined MRV with VENC variations of 10 cm /s, 25 cm /s, and

40 cm /s in five large veins and five small veins. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires

filled out by two respondents. The data were analyzed using the Friedman test and Wilcoxon test.

Results: The results of statistical tests showed significant differences in all anatomy of the sagittal and

coronal pieces assessed such as superior sagittal sinus, transverse sinus, straight sinus, sigmoid sinus,

galen vein, jugular internal vein, jugular external vein, trolard vein, internal cerebral vein, and labbe vein

with a p value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). The best anatomical image information results using VENC 25 cm / s

indicated by a mean rank value of 2.60.

Conclusions: The VENC value of 25 cm / s can display large and small veins optimally because it is able

to compensate for the venous flow speed of 10 CVT patients which occurs mostly in the transverse sinus

and sigmoid sinuses.

Analisis Penggunaan Bolus Lunak terhadap Distribusi Dosis pada Penyinaran Karsinoma Sel Skuamosa Facial dengan Teknik IMRT di Departemen Radioterapi MRCCC Siloam Hospital Semanggi

2024-12-15T15:43:58+00:00

Background: Diagnostically, Facial Squamous Cell Carcinoma develops in the areas of the face that are

uneven in nature on the surface of the skin. For that reason, irradiation in this area can cause any

inhomogeneous dose distribution and increase the potential for the emergence of new cancer due to

radiation exposure to the surrounding healthy tissue; therefore, it is necessary to use a soft bolus which is

combined with IMRT radiation technique to make the dose distribution more optimal.

Methods: This research applies descriptive qualitative method with one sample taken from secondary data

of the patients with Facial Squamous Cell Carcinoma cases using a soft bolus with IMRT technique. As for

the research methods, they include among the other things literature study, observation, interviews, and

documentation. Meanwhile, this research was conducted starting from February up to May 2024 executed

at Radiotherapy Department of MRCCC Siloam Hospital Semanggi.

Results: IMRT technique is used with the use of MLC and irradiation from several angles combined with

the use of a soft bolus made from plasticine to increase the surface dose and optimize the dose distribution.

Apparently, the planning result suggests that the distribution of doses in the organ at risk against the

tolerated dose shows that the right eye is above tolerance; however, the other organs at risk such as

brainstem, chiasm, eye left, lens left, lens right, optic nerve left, and optic nerve right are below the

tolerance.

Conclusions: The planning results highlight that the use of IMRT technique combined with a soft bolus

increases surface dose and optimizes dose distribution in Facial Squamous Cell Carcinoma irradiation,

while ensuring most organs at risk remain within tolerance levels except for the right eye.

Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Usia Pada Delay Fase Nefrogram terhadap Enhancement Citra Anatomi Renalis Dalam CT Scan Urologi

2025-04-03T01:38:19+00:00

Background: Technically, this research perform CTScans Urology examination using contrast media

undertaken at Tangerang Regional General Hospital (RSUD) using delay in 10 second nephrogram phase

after conducting arterial scanning over all age variations. This matter is purposely conducted to know

whether there is any different influence of renal image enhancement grade over the age variation in the use

of delay of nephrogram phase in CT Scans Urology examination, whereas according to the literature, the

use of delay on nephrogram phase is 90-110 seconds after the injection of contrast media.

Methods: This research applies quantitative method with analytic approach. This research was undertaken

in Tangerang Regional General Hospital starting from February up to April 2024. As for the population of

this research, they are all the results of CTScans Urology examination executed in Tangerang Regional

Hospital conducted starting from February up to April 2024 with as many as 14 patients. Thereafter, the

samples used in this research are secondary data with purposive sampling technique as many as 10 samples

from the results of CT Scans Urology examination.

Results: The results, at the age of ≤ 40 years has grade point average of enhancement 91.92 HU, meanwhile

at the age of ≥ 41 years has a grade point average of enhancement 83.84 HU.

Conclusions: Can be concluded that there is a different grade point average between the age of ≤ 40 years

and the age of ≥ 41 years, however there is not any significant influence if it is seen from the result of T

Test test.

Evaluasi Nilai Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) pada Pemeriksaan CT Scan Abdomen 3 Fase di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan

2024-12-15T15:43:11+00:00

Background: Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRL) are stated in CTDI and DLP hence due to an accurate

parameter selection, good control practices and the use of appropriate DRL, they will significantly reduce

the radiation dose to the patient by more than 50%. In addition to DRL, the value of estimated effective

dose and estimated cancer risk is as additional information to assist in several aspects of justification and

optimization as well as to become an educational device that increases the awareness of the risk of cancer.

This research also aims to obtain DRL value for a 3-phase abdominal CT scan because Indonesia does not

yet have a DRL for a 3-phase abdominal CT scan.

Methods: This research uses an observational approach with descriptive quantitative methods using

secondary data. As for the data analyzed herein, they involve the patient information and the radiation dose

received during a 3-phase abdominal CT scan obtained from the dose report on the CT Scan machine

workstation. Meanwhile, the research population included all the patients who underwent a 3-phase

abdominal CT scan undertaken at Radiology Installation of Persahabatan Central General Hospital starting

from January up to March 2024 with a total population of 40 patients. The number of samples used was 30

samples. The collected data are processed and analyzed using a descriptive frequency test and then

compared with DRLs from the other countries and Abdominal I-DRL, AbdoPelvis and Whole Abdomen.

Furthermore, it is then calculated to obtain the estimated effective dose and cancer risk which is presented

in tabular form.

Results The results of this research suggests that DRL value at CTDI Persahabatan Central General

Hospital is lower than that in the other countries and below Abdominal I-DRL, AbdoPelvis and Whole

Abdomen, and DLP value is much higher than that in the other countries and above Abdominal I-DRL

DLP, AbdoPelvis and Whole Abdomen.

Prosedur Pemeriksaan MSCT Cardiac pada Klinis Heart Failure dengan Disertai Atrial Fibrilasi di Instalasi Radiologi RS Universitas Sebelas Maret

2024-12-16T15:07:31+00:00

Background:Cardiac MSCT is a CT scan examination that can show the structure of the heart chamber and

blood vessels. The cardiac MSCT examination procedure in clinical heart failure accompanied by atrial

fibrillation at the Radiology Installation of Sebelas Maret University Hospital uses a pitch parameter setting of

0.2 and selection of the contrast scanning reconstruction phase interval based on the results of the calcium

score phase interval. This study aims to describe the cardiac MSCT examination procedure and the reasons for

using the pitch parameter of 0.2 and determining the contrast scanning phase interval based on the results of

the calcium score phase interval in clinical heart failure accompanied by atrial fibrillation.

Method:This type of research is qualitative research with a case study approach. Data collection is carried out

using observation, interview and documentation methods, then the data obtained is analyzed using an

interactive data model, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions.

Results:Cardiac MSCT examination procedure in clinical heart failure accompanied by atrial fibrillation at

the Sebelas Maret University Radiology Installation, the patient was not given betablocker drugs due to

arrhythmia abnormalities. The protocol for this examination is topogram, calcium scoring and contrast cardiac

scanning. Topogram parameters at 100 kV, and 60mA as high as the sternal notch to the diaphragm. Calcium

scoring parameters at 80-90 kV, slice thickness 3mm with prospective ECG gatting method, scanning area for

calcium scoring from the aortic arch to the cardiac basal. Cardiac contrast scanning parameters at 70-90 kV,

slice thickness 0.8, tube rotation 0.33 and pitch 0.2 with an area from the aortic arch to the cardiac basal.

Triggering scan is placed on the descending aorta as high as the main pulmonary artery. The use of a pitch of

0.2 can provide a longer ECG RR interval range in unstable patient pulses, thereby minimizing interpolation

artifacts and facilitating the selection of contrast scanning reconstruction phase intervals. The use of calcium

scorring phase interval results for selecting the contrast scanning reconstruction phase interval can facilitate

the determination of the appropriate phase so that no artifacts are found due to errors in selecting the

reconstruction phase interval, because in patients with atrial fibrillation, wave irregularities will result in

differences in location between phase intervals.

Conclusions:The use of pitch 0.2 aims to obtain a wider range of ECG RR intervals, thus minimizing the

occurrence of interpolation artifacts in unstable patient heart rates. The use of calcium scorring reconstruction

phase interval results as a guideline for setting the reconstruction phase interval in contrast scanning can

facilitate the placement of appropriate and precise interval locations, so that no artifacts are found.

Pengaruh Jumlah Segmen, Total Monitor Unit, Volume Tumor dan Jumlah Arah Penyinaran terhadap Delivery Time pada Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Kanker Otak: Studi Observasi di RS Ken Saras

2024-12-16T15:09:23+00:00

Background: Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy allows for more precise treatment but has challenges,

namely, long delivery times. Delivery time in IMRT is influenced by parameters such as the number of

segments, total monitor units, tumor volume, and the number of beam angle; in the radiotherapy installation

of Ken Saras Hospital in making IMRT planning focuses on planning quality. IMRT planning parameters

that affect delivery time have never been studied before. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect

of the number of segments, total monitor units, tumor volume, and number of beam angle on IMRT delivery

time in brain cancer.

Methods: this study is analytical observational, sample patient data from January 2022 to December 2023,

data samples totaled 30 brain cancer patients, data analysis using statistics tests.

Results: The results of the study show that the independent variables affect the dependent variable in brain

cancer. First significant parameter is the number of beam angle with coefficients value of (+) 11.403, which

means that the addition of 1 number of beam angle will increase the delivery time value by 11.403. Second

parameter is the number of segments with coefficients value of (+) 4.406, this means that the addition of 1

number of segments will increase the delivery time value by 4.406. Third parameter is tumour volume with

coefficients value of 0.121.

Conclusions: The results showed that the parameters significantly affect the delivery time of IMRT in brain

cancer are number of segments, tumor volume and number of beam angle.