Teknik Radioterapi Eksternal 2D dengan Booster pada Kasus Kanker Serviks di Instalasi Radioterapi RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gombong

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality among Indonesian women, second only to breast cancer. External radiotherapy is a primary treatment, particularly in advanced stages, with 2D techniques still widely used in resource-limited settings. Optimisation can be achieved by adding booster fractions to increase tumour dose without elevating exposure to surrounding tissues. This study evaluates the effectiveness of 2D external radiotherapy with booster for cervical cancer at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Gombong, focusing on clinical responses, adverse effects, and protocol compliance.

Methods: A qualitative case-study design was employed from May to June 2025, involving healthcare professionals directly engaged in treatment. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews, analysed thematically using triangulation and member checking. The procedure included consultation, patient education, conventional simulation, manual dose planning, and positioning verification. Treatment involved 25 fractions of 2 Gy (50 Gy total), followed by 10 booster fractions of 2 Gy (20 Gy total) to the primary tumour.

Results: The technique demonstrated favourable clinical responses, including tumour reduction and symptom relief, with mild-to-moderate side effects and no severe toxicity. All procedures adhered to protocols, though position verification was limited by resources.

Conclusions: 2D external radiotherapy with booster is effective and safe for cervical cancer treatment in resource-limited settings. The addition of booster fractions improves tumour control without significant side effects. Enhanced position verification is recommended to optimise clinical practice in the future.